While markets are supposed to ensure transparency by showing orders to everyone simultaneously, a loophole in regulations allows marketplaces like Nasdaq to show traders some orders ahead of everyone else in exchange for a fee.
In less than half a second, high-frequency traders gained a valuable insight: the hunger for Broadcom was growing. Their computers began buying up Broadcom shares and then reselling them to the slower investors at higher prices. The overall price of Broadcom began to rise.
Traders Profit With Computers Set At HighSpped - NYTimes.com
One mistake I’ve seen repeated over and over again in this recession is the conflation of “deregulated” and “poorly regulated.” In my opinion, very few to none of our industries were deregulated to the point that would make them as efficient as possible. Rather, they were regulated to a point that allowed certain individuals to benefit greatly by finding the biggest loophole in the regulations. Here’s another example of that.